Poorly maintained or designed roads, or the congestion caused by insufficient road networks are road conditions that can contribute to both the frequency and severity of motor vehicle crashes. A change in driver behavior, vehicle capabilities, or roadway characteristics and conditions might have averted a crash or reduced the severity of associated occupant injuries. Often two or more of these factors are simultaneously involved in a crash. Road crashes result from a combination of driver, vehicle, and roadway factors. It compares these costs with the costs of alcohol-related and speeding-related crashes and the costs of belt non-use. national and state-specific costs of crashes where road conditions contributed to crash frequency or severity and the portion of those costs paid by employers and government. Road maintenance and upgrading can prevent crashes and reduce injury severity. Road conditions are largely controllable. The large share of crash costs related to road design and conditions underlines the importance of these factors in highway safety. This represented 43.6% of the total comprehensive crash cost. The estimated comprehensive cost of traffic crashes where road conditions contributed to crash occurrence or severity was $217.5 billion in 2006. We used the state distribution of costs of fatal crashes where road conditions contributed to crash occurrence or severity to estimate the respective state distribution of non-fatal crash costs. In crashes where someone was moderately to seriously injured (AIS-2-6) in a vehicle that harmfully impacted a large tree or medium or large non-breakaway pole, or if the first harmful event was collision with a bridge, we changed the calculated probability of being road-related to 1. We applied the logistic regression results to a costed national crash dataset in order to calculate the probability that road conditions contributed to the involvement of a vehicle in each crash. To model the probability that road conditions contributed to the involvement of a vehicle in the crash, we used 2000–03 Large Truck Crash Causation Study (LTCCS) data, the only dataset that provides detailed information whether road conditions contributed to crash occurrence. This is the first study to estimate the cost of crashes related to road conditions in the U.S.
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